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今日下午，《论语札记》作者贾陆英老师继续在老秘网QQ群“重温经典读书会”组织大家学习讨论《论语》为政篇第2章。有贾老师的热心授课，我们的重温经典读书会已名副其实了。昨天老秘网新开了“公文写作合议庭”版块，也期待大家积极参与。这里，老猫把今日的聊天记录整理如下：
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" ]+ E% q" a4 G. z! h4 E0 mTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">各位好，星期一下午有事未到，让大家久等了。特致歉意。今天下午，我们学习讨论《论语》为政篇第% ~/ \$ c7 Q+ |! Z
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% N$ s/ j! L* D0 L) K6 Nmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">诗三百，一言以蔽之，曰：思无邪。# ^3 I( b, V/ c& `mso-font-kerning:0pt">"
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">诗三百：《诗经》实有三百零五篇，三百只是举其整数。. g, {- ~# K+ Jmso-font-kerning:0pt">“8 Q) `1 D/ g6 v; c4 u2 @
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">：概括。思无邪：《诗经# o9 `0 N1 ^* qmso-font-kerning:0pt">•+ E6 f& w& F8 J3 Z1 H1 ^
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1 ]2 v. B) e$ k/ nTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">问：孔子为什么极为重视诗教？4 s. F+ y% n5 ?+ m6 }# s/ T1 n" S7 _
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" L& V% g% {" X9 vTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">答：本章是孔子对《诗经》精神的概括。孔子曾经说过，吾道一以贯之，指出他的学说有一个贯穿其中的基本精神，读书学习，重要的是要把握这个基本精神。一言以蔽之，就是一以贯之的意思，& Y: v" m. ?8 a* ]8 G8 nmso-font-kerning:0pt">"$ G& |0 @5 J6 V3 I" _- e
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2 G& x$ a3 ^2 a+ [0 p! @5 Xmso-font-kerning:0pt">兴于诗、立于礼、成于乐" o* j2 t) k4 W! L/ C. Q9 J10.5pt;font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">”: _5 w% a; @5 Q9 W4 T$ X
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">泰伯》），兴于诗，强调诗的教育之重要，所兴的是人的情感。立于礼，礼教的目的是使人在社会上立足。成于乐，乐教的目的是使这种6 J. U1 u' M* f' X6 Qmso-font-kerning:0pt">“. U8 l1 ?6 j( \8 j1 C' g* G
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">最终得以完成。古人讲的, X$ v& \: `0 \3 v/ b) vmso-font-kerning:0pt">“, i% \* H' P( e. \% ^) z) C& lfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
/ Y3 ^8 S4 N. l" m; {- fmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">乐& w% \. N. c) l! X8 ymso-font-kerning:0pt">”0 V+ R; a O( w: j/ H# {+ ifont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
" A" G C y" S6 Omso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，包括音乐、舞蹈、诗歌等等，诗歌是运用有节律、有韵律的语言反映生活、抒发情感的文学体裁，孔子认为，就教化的功能而言，4 C$ R& _, j7 h9 d
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">是一个人品德养成、人性完善的最高层次。4 O8 S, k3 P9 m! d+ Z% B, |
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+ O" x$ s; R) F, Q+ J# k& c& h! kTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">《诗经》是中国最早的一部诗歌总集，经孔子删订，收有从西周初年到春秋中叶的诗歌, m F, x- d! |* o- V# fmso-font-kerning:0pt">3059 ]0 P1 O l6 r6 O5 X& O) e4 bfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;; s: u& P/ U8 o3 B
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">对于人格完善的重要作用，他说：0 {5 u! m* h( `8 f9 L
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3 a' R' ?9 ]+ Jmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">不学诗，无以言。, F& E! T& Y$ W( i" v
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% k/ \' `$ @1 E) emso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">（《论语! t( n, ~. y: v# C M6 [# Amso-font-kerning:0pt">•+ H9 r. @+ [+ g; K* L* m/ Efont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;, ?! o1 w7 N4 U- I) Z1 h8 D0 x: e
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">诗，可以兴，可以观，可以群，可以怨。迩之事父，远之事君；多识于鸟兽草木之名。9 _9 E# J& u# j9 \& V# Omso-font-kerning:0pt">”) B7 T8 M! n: ?' |font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
) u D# }6 X: W, Q6 g1 wmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">（《论语# ?3 a/ x& D* Q( [( ^mso-font-kerning:0pt">•/ _) C' ^4 N) A4 r& X3 I; i% W7 Z
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- |4 |! q3 K; X% r! T9 dmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">阳货》）由此可见，孔子重视《诗经》的教育，一是在于学习《诗》的语言和文化知识，二是通过' H1 ]/ L- d, a1 `8 Z, xmso-font-kerning:0pt">“# P: G+ ^0 Q; h9 o7 y
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3 R) v& n2 C" Q. Amso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">陶冶人的情操，并对弟子进行事父、事君等政治思想教育，使人' Q9 g" [, t% \# L3 o; H
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8 O' e1 t# }- H. PTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">诗三百，一言以蔽之，曰：思无邪。% ?0 [0 j2 O7 ?9 W( |, Nmso-font-kerning:0pt">" F( F& G% u1 U5 W. ^4 \/ d; h, I2 jfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;! z$ A! F" X) l9 l, M2 ]
mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">睡虫歪解：诗歌三百篇，用一句话来掩盖，就是思想纯正。本来这诗歌中都是男思女，女想男，教人学坏啊。于是孔子来遮盖这个丑啊，就说，人家的思想是很纯洁的。7 V- k) m' p9 }$ pmso-font-kerning:0pt"> 6 Q2 w+ E% w( z; L" s
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4 {$ Z) d/ L( [2 W5 z( l, b+ WTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">诗歌三百篇，用一句话来掩盖，就是思想纯正。本来这诗歌中都是男思女，女想男，教人学坏啊。于是孔子来遮盖这个丑啊，就说，人家的思想是很纯洁的。+ ` P% {2 n; c, Umso-font-kerning:0pt">——$ X# y1 i* y S
font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
$ ?9 t: L3 J8 i' l1 q# [mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">此乃$ J7 ]* H4 w- k4 c# P' k7 ]
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; d7 u7 \& @. Wmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">。诗经确有许多歌颂男女爱情的作品，那时的社会风气是开化的，孔子的思想也是开化的。这种风气被改变，是后来的事。不可用后人的标准衡量前人。“我把贾老得罪了”6 R3 f3 h0 ^3 E6 e
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9 P; C$ ?$ o- W! emso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">开个玩笑，没关系的。4 F/ l* R, \& Q W0 Nmso-font-kerning:0pt">
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& i$ g, }- h9 t/ d7 N2 K- v! l5 rmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">诗，可以兴，可以观、可以群，可以怨。9 t! Z! s1 A8 ^5 B$ omso-font-kerning:0pt">”3 ]! b. n) l( M& Q! Yfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;( s% ]3 @9 M m. u& Q5 }
mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">学诗的作用就在于' z! E4 b" k5 s% s- x5 Z1 }mso-font-kerning:0pt">“: m( f" O% s' F Hfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
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! H, V; X5 q0 x# t/ Bmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">观2 x5 D* V9 S; I* Lmso-font-kerning:0pt">”) E" S% u0 P& U4 V( ^9 d" D5 ~! U! {
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$ B/ H: r: P* {4 z G7 V+ _mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">群% n: H% R! _; tmso-font-kerning:0pt">”9 h" l& m( S. R# c( ^font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">怨' [4 _) |" Y, T, \mso-font-kerning:0pt">” j$ \4 u- I6 V" g; a2 d4 D2 |% N
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">四个字。所谓6 l2 E& L- d$ s3 L8 Z, emso-font-kerning:0pt">“5 H- D2 e: S! A& H. \font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
% Z" s2 v5 b: b m0 ?mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">兴! _% V8 b8 c {( J
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，就是说学诗可以激发人的兴致，培养想象力；所谓2 o* O$ b, i5 l; c+ j2 T8 h
mso-font-kerning:0pt">“' A6 ]* l6 g6 R* C4 l% Hfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
$ H, S1 L5 Y* g' ]mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">观6 h. S; c$ F& }: W% p
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，就是说学诗可以多识鸟兽草木等大自然之物，提高观察力；所谓) O/ a4 D2 [) d
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">”/ h! |' b, D/ q* Sfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
- H& L8 [# T, M; j6 tmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，就是说学诗可以涵养温柔敦厚的性情，提高在群体中生活的能力；所谓9 ?* s o5 R' V: `+ j O' amso-font-kerning:0pt">“9 P O8 a, T. Dfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;% F/ x2 T, A4 S+ w! T* `
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，就是说学诗还可以锻炼6 I7 z0 [; a i! J/ U3 ]* tmso-font-kerning:0pt">“! j' o- e8 w: l5 ^font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;7 ~0 d8 D0 j7 c3 c
mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">乐而不淫、哀而不伤% B( D# B" g4 M( g7 i0 amso-font-kerning:0pt">”: R- K6 A2 S/ a2 L
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">（《论语" \$ f$ f6 |8 c y0 d
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4 C) M5 |7 [) @. Y7 @# E4 k7 [mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">八佾》）的胸襟和品格，抒发心中之怨，而又能: ^5 ]# m$ v. v. T" _' Tmso-font-kerning:0pt">“9 z0 y; o: E4 V1 U+ m2 k1 efont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
2 u% g2 {, q" o3 E8 P+ a! pmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">怨而不怒+ {% {9 W6 T, j$ ?
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8 c5 _0 h. H3 H, q& u8 Z( ?' ]mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">（《朱熹. C$ Z- h! t7 W7 Lmso-font-kerning:0pt">.4 \. u" j: j* W' Bfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
8 z; b8 }, x' _+ b% i+ Dmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">论语集注》），恰到好处，合乎中道。总之，学诗可以使人+ |6 s8 s ]& Y% t$ A
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' E/ S1 L( Z' U" Qmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">思无邪4 A5 s- s& l% `* j7 J
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">为政》），遐思而纯正，宁静而致远。 u' q# {2 E, J: K3 c# @
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0 w4 }4 u9 q/ g2 b* y( Q, `Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">继续歪解啊：群呢，就是说物以类聚，大家有共同的审美和爱好，对诗经有雷同的见解，于是呢，就找到好朋友了。所谓怨呢，就是说看到诗经里写的这么美好的事物人物，会生出点点怨气，怨自己为什么没有诗经这么美好的生活，从而激发斗志。( x$ k$ Y v# E0 C0 ]8 E. B/ Tmso-font-kerning:0pt">8 B9 W, P+ i+ q6 q# a* o0 }font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
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- i& ]9 P7 a' ~2 X, G, t$ ~( a" ]Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">智者见智，淫者见淫。有道理3 L6 T5 J0 {$ b- n0pt">
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9 ~0 b& h. o. T# X8 @Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">大家是做文秘工作的，写文章，也需要提高文学素养，如能恰到好处地引用几句诗词、名言警句，定会使文稿熠熠生辉。否则，干巴巴的，没有文彩，读之无味。0 z! c* r$ F& h- y! mmso-font-kerning:0pt"> 1 g9 d" @+ A: `& B1 l
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: O6 P, N' ^2 Q' _- q; J6 W+ aTahoma;color:#006EFE;mso-font-kerning:0pt">求觉迷者：3 e! ^; v6 j9 C4 s6 U1 t8 |
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提升卡
置顶卡
沉默卡
喧嚣卡
变色卡
抢沙发
千斤顶
显身卡
300x180 AD
