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今日下午，《论语札记》作者贾陆英老师继续在老秘网QQ群“重温经典读书会”组织大家学习讨论《论语》为政篇第2章。有贾老师的热心授课，我们的重温经典读书会已名副其实了。昨天老秘网新开了“公文写作合议庭”版块，也期待大家积极参与。这里，老猫把今日的聊天记录整理如下：
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/ Y3 w( D5 v0 yTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">各位好，星期一下午有事未到，让大家久等了。特致歉意。今天下午，我们学习讨论《论语》为政篇第0 O- L5 L' ~% _1 F
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">子曰：* N) U6 _) `0 b3 W1 Z) f& ^
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; P+ V/ Z; r/ `' ~& v8 Dmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">诗三百，一言以蔽之，曰：思无邪。! d1 }" _/ }0 S0 z! p* Tmso-font-kerning:0pt">"
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" j9 d$ c( \! X$ b7 K5 c/ vTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">诗三百：《诗经》实有三百零五篇，三百只是举其整数。# c. Z, ~7 F+ C
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">：概括。思无邪：《诗经5 w* A; n* a" vmso-font-kerning:0pt">•( S s7 F& C- e, A- t6 f5 a$ h+ m4 Ffont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;0 O3 m, ^& F6 Q, E8 }8 r
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6 y& ]/ f0 w+ p* u0 q- S- Smso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">駧》》上的一句话。原文的思字是语助词，孔子借用这句话把思作思想讲。无邪：纯正，没有邪念。/ L! c5 q8 C% t1 }" U2 M6 D
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">《诗经》三百篇，用一句话来概括它，就是* i1 {# k& p9 E, R3 X0 C- E0pt">‘$ \6 H' D! `* s' m1 y A% {3 Q8 D
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">问：孔子为什么极为重视诗教？( L$ S, }' Y. U# S8 Z9 ^- ]
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">答：本章是孔子对《诗经》精神的概括。孔子曾经说过，吾道一以贯之，指出他的学说有一个贯穿其中的基本精神，读书学习，重要的是要把握这个基本精神。一言以蔽之，就是一以贯之的意思，, G5 j( J6 i4 w" }mso-font-kerning:0pt">", h5 k/ I$ y) N2 K7 N8 P9 wfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
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8 I! ^+ R/ Q$ W9 q7 F" Omso-font-kerning:0pt">泰伯》），兴于诗，强调诗的教育之重要，所兴的是人的情感。立于礼，礼教的目的是使人在社会上立足。成于乐，乐教的目的是使这种% P$ `3 G: _# b8 ?$ v) C- V
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) D! x, A- V. W3 x$ lmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">最终得以完成。古人讲的* T* }5 G9 ~; ~9 {$ L6 v* m
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# r( l& X/ L K. m4 [2 i6 r$ Emso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，包括音乐、舞蹈、诗歌等等，诗歌是运用有节律、有韵律的语言反映生活、抒发情感的文学体裁，孔子认为，就教化的功能而言，/ O6 Z" O2 U& U1 C) N/ b+ M
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: n( N0 e5 b+ E# D4 dmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">诗教0 e8 f! r5 i. }, r
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">是一个人品德养成、人性完善的最高层次。0 u h' h4 e. E: W1 s' y
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">《诗经》是中国最早的一部诗歌总集，经孔子删订，收有从西周初年到春秋中叶的诗歌7 c5 A' [) \! Y2 M; Xmso-font-kerning:0pt">3056 v* O _9 Q) K! C/ [+ F, rfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;! x, c# c" M" n' N2 A. o6 }* q, C" D
mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">篇。孔子特别重视- d4 D k! Z+ z+ {4 nmso-font-kerning:0pt">“7 E+ y$ L1 L a6 y3 Bfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
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0 k: a) |* l: u8 Y6 _' r: e1 dmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">对于人格完善的重要作用，他说：* x/ O4 i" X9 w) {; |# s
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0 k- N, i* ?% z8 Emso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">（《论语% W: _$ g5 ?4 T- s6 G4 `) e9 r9 `, y1 n
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! V3 x+ ^) B! V/ B5 u' [mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">季氏》）3 b, w/ D* [/ v
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">诗，可以兴，可以观，可以群，可以怨。迩之事父，远之事君；多识于鸟兽草木之名。- ^' ^9 b2 p5 e% S( b! j1 E- e8 J
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; R$ H/ d+ j1 u/ L6 E' Hmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">阳货》）由此可见，孔子重视《诗经》的教育，一是在于学习《诗》的语言和文化知识，二是通过- \' v# k9 d6 J; X; Hmso-font-kerning:0pt">“* F) |8 [' W" s9 q2 r. z7 E2 V: I: Cfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
# }( @4 y& E8 f+ \9 O+ v. _# m _mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">兴、观、群、怨* A3 a5 G0 }) i n# e J' umso-font-kerning:0pt">” l- ?; k7 v( N+ Y
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">陶冶人的情操，并对弟子进行事父、事君等政治思想教育，使人3 W1 S7 A; J0 a
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，遐思而纯正，宁静而致远。- o' q' o; G, E: _0 f, k* }mso-font-kerning:0pt"> # D8 N/ h; R- t+ `( k$ V( g
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* ]1 Z( H* R5 {Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">诗三百，一言以蔽之，曰：思无邪。: U! ?* B& e! N( [: @
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# v: L( @" s+ W+ L t8 G( Gmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">睡虫歪解：诗歌三百篇，用一句话来掩盖，就是思想纯正。本来这诗歌中都是男思女，女想男，教人学坏啊。于是孔子来遮盖这个丑啊，就说，人家的思想是很纯洁的。# e; C1 J+ h0 x( L! ], c* k
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6 D& z" r7 ^+ z/ xTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">诗歌三百篇，用一句话来掩盖，就是思想纯正。本来这诗歌中都是男思女，女想男，教人学坏啊。于是孔子来遮盖这个丑啊，就说，人家的思想是很纯洁的。. k" w% Y+ A8 ?- ]6 U( x( n5 \# W3 mmso-font-kerning:0pt">——+ M- Z- v6 x6 T4 ofont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
8 z1 |- T: N0 M- N; rmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">此乃. o# x3 K) x8 a- \$ vmso-font-kerning:0pt">“* W7 ]. e" l" i$ g
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">。诗经确有许多歌颂男女爱情的作品，那时的社会风气是开化的，孔子的思想也是开化的。这种风气被改变，是后来的事。不可用后人的标准衡量前人。“我把贾老得罪了”4 h/ |) G( |# b$ r! n V' Y
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">开个玩笑，没关系的。* M. B6 y7 ~# l3 Y/ z& m
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">诗，可以兴，可以观、可以群，可以怨。# N$ h3 c0 J* p7 M& xmso-font-kerning:0pt">”% C4 q' F( J/ O3 D2 {+ Z3 e
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9 H- D& Y. c7 t# L- [mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">学诗的作用就在于3 u- q; H8 ]3 _! Dmso-font-kerning:0pt">“* ]- h3 |) v. d$ F' l ]+ Afont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;) f$ ~; T& ?+ Q8 p+ q3 x5 r, D- W$ }
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k% a. X) F& k* y& }: vmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">观3 E& N3 @. W# J
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$ C* G" m8 u0 F, Amso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">群4 R1 H7 I- T4 xmso-font-kerning:0pt">”# k) p/ J9 o+ P( ?' ~6 ifont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;' d1 X; G# Z! |7 S
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">怨" N* L. E) A' n6 Z( m( Q
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">四个字。所谓1 g4 \- P" I( \1 Q* F! @0 A* {# Z. M
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，就是说学诗可以激发人的兴致，培养想象力；所谓# j7 @, J# a( Z, t, amso-font-kerning:0pt">“0 I% ?( n' A" E, `8 ]6 p# h
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">观- w u& d" J7 z# P3 s# W9 X+ g. Dmso-font-kerning:0pt">”& S8 x9 \2 u/ _8 b: G0 g
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1 i: ~. i+ M$ F" V. [2 lmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，就是说学诗可以多识鸟兽草木等大自然之物，提高观察力；所谓: U+ j7 n" m+ i
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，就是说学诗可以涵养温柔敦厚的性情，提高在群体中生活的能力；所谓7 V ]- Y6 K! X8 ~4 Y" T" n9 j
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?2 K/ H8 A& ~; ?8 amso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">怨# j" L& @; f3 s ?: V7 N1 O9 M' H
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，就是说学诗还可以锻炼6 e2 q9 V, {( c9 E4 e- z! Hmso-font-kerning:0pt">“/ i: z( |+ U: o( qfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
/ r n. V" d0 n" |; h5 fmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">乐而不淫、哀而不伤6 J2 J4 Q, F. @) ?mso-font-kerning:0pt">”1 L/ J* H2 Q7 W/ m2 ]5 ^; t
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">（《论语: D' \2 ]3 x2 W$ B# q1 Y! ~mso-font-kerning:0pt">.# |/ M' W X+ a$ @% c/ C3 e
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">八佾》）的胸襟和品格，抒发心中之怨，而又能" |! L9 m2 C8 k! _mso-font-kerning:0pt">“6 i z' [$ |- A6 M0 h
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$ M3 _3 P4 m! _" smso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">怨而不怒% d$ u8 S; f0 O$ V& Cmso-font-kerning:0pt">”- \) E! F% A3 J; lfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;: M' g: C1 G( n; ^
mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">（《朱熹$ `0 x% |& n: d& H/ ?# n& h% Q
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">论语集注》），恰到好处，合乎中道。总之，学诗可以使人. a/ l2 z p* P- V+ p! W- H
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">思无邪, y, [/ g1 s# K
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">为政》），遐思而纯正，宁静而致远。0 ^) n! h. F% Y, rmso-font-kerning:0pt">
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/ x' \# q# l6 e( oTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">继续歪解啊：群呢，就是说物以类聚，大家有共同的审美和爱好，对诗经有雷同的见解，于是呢，就找到好朋友了。所谓怨呢，就是说看到诗经里写的这么美好的事物人物，会生出点点怨气，怨自己为什么没有诗经这么美好的生活，从而激发斗志。3 |- p' ?0 x1 F* G# E' n0 w( A0 `mso-font-kerning:0pt">* Q0 Z( |; A5 b8 ?6 Zfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
! T4 B6 M/ z7 K$ a! }. `3 a$ jmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">咱是粗人一个，供拍砖用# [; j" @' P) T
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">啊( e) X" q( |. k6 @+ q: h; Nmso-font-kerning:0pt"> 3 n3 z& F! S% v* f/ y$ w/ s
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">智者见智，淫者见淫。有道理$ V% \; W2 i% X' b0pt">
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5 {4 V& `3 [* lTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">大家是做文秘工作的，写文章，也需要提高文学素养，如能恰到好处地引用几句诗词、名言警句，定会使文稿熠熠生辉。否则，干巴巴的，没有文彩，读之无味。: \! _. s" f' Y& w1 A9 x" Jmso-font-kerning:0pt">
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">是的，不但文稿晦暗，而且说服力弱! Q) A% Z+ o/ `mso-font-kerning:0pt"> 4 V" X/ M9 n s" _' W
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5 z0 w8 X' W. S: @9 b& Z4 ?9 @Tahoma;color:#006EFE;mso-font-kerning:0pt">求觉迷者：" U( p+ {/ T9 r4 \8 s9 [* g6 Z
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* e) s8 o5 [* `) D9 V2 cTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">怨，是否也指怨刺，有着对社会的不满和抨击，比如《硕鼠》《伐檀》等等8 \0 l& h& z& h, W
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, v; }* t3 r2 u( UTahoma;color:#006EFE;mso-font-kerning:0pt">贾陆英：, \/ L4 O. R/ o: B
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9 y7 P8 a. o( z/ G& y, c: WTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">是啊，大家看看习总的语言风格，文学素养深厚，值得学习。
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提升卡
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抢沙发
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300x180 AD
