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Tahoma;color:#006EFE;mso-font-kerning:0pt">今日圣诞，老猫先祝大家圣诞快乐，虽然是洋人的节日：）下午贾陆英老师继续在老秘网5 @7 |0 T, X1 k" l" r9 i
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:#006EFE;mso-font-kerning:0pt">群“重温经典读书会”49231471辅导我们学习《论语》。贾陆英老师一直记挂着我们这群“大学生”，原本这节课是安排在周三下午的，但贾老师届时另有要事，所以今日上午便特地在群里发出预告，提前到今日下午开课。有此良师，夫复何求？闲话少叙，立即把上课实录整理奉上。! C4 I5 F( r5 r8 i. _3 r
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, r+ M7 _( l* m h. |9 O4 emso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:#006EFE;mso-font-kerning:0pt">贾陆英：4 o7 P' q# T' h+ jmso-font-kerning:0pt">
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- L% f: X0 i' Hmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">今天下午，我们学习讨论《论语》为政篇第1 b- { I6 R. f/ E1 K5 @( q+ D
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4 g% H+ U* v1 cmso-font-kerning:0pt">孟懿子问孝，子曰：: a: u: U2 |! r' i* a: `mso-font-kerning:0pt">“5 g0 S. r/ i/ O* }0 @
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0 P' M& S4 N9 Wmso-font-kerning:0pt">无违。- Q( n( j4 J* H! |5 c, G- }: }mso-font-kerning:0pt">”! J0 F* b9 A0 M4 tmso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;
0 A0 L' x; t' [8 Hmso-font-kerning:0pt">樊迟御，子告之曰：! h( X, h, Z: M* K# q; s
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">孟孙问孝于我，我对曰无违。4 f U: \5 e3 t0 w& K1 Hcolor:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">”% u+ {+ h5 E. M' C# S4 {
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">何谓也？, u5 o& E1 f2 p6 @! T1 ~' H* i2 } z
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7 v8 M0 T I, M) q; y9 @; emso-font-kerning:0pt">子曰：; B9 b% E( d+ p5 Emso-font-kerning:0pt">“5 l) P8 U' U. D/ imso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;5 E. S g, Y; o- {
mso-font-kerning:0pt">生，事之以礼；死，葬之以礼，祭之以礼。3 m. {1 t- q; d- G9 L% v3 y
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">孟懿子：鲁国大夫，三家之一，姓仲孙，名何忌，懿是谥号。他的父亲孟僖子临死时要他向孔子学礼。无违：不要违背礼。樊迟：孔子的学生，名须，字子迟，比孔子小四十六岁。御：驾驶马车。孟孙：指孟懿子。# j. E# l/ N! b$ J# k# H! U
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5 j/ K8 ?/ X! }mso-font-kerning:0pt">孟懿子请教孔子什么是孝，孔子说：' Y; b; K) N$ Q' u/ t
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) }7 Q- t3 _' T$ r4 n2 O: S2 Kmso-font-kerning:0pt">孝就是不要违背礼。7 j) F1 {/ D. l5 w, h# d7 ?10.5pt;font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">”0 E6 N8 H3 A) \9 s8 D2 T
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! r! a1 {$ Y8 D0 |5 K% E! {; smso-font-kerning:0pt">一天，樊迟给孔子驾车，孔子告诉他说：5 t6 G- e/ Q; t/ q6 Q! S0pt">"# {0 M# b; a) R" s+ F- _9 A% ~0 P8 }
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">孟孙问我什么是孝，我回答他说不要违背礼。8 R) M7 F, ~1 ^6 d8 o; _9 ^# Kmso-font-kerning:0pt">". x' o, ]4 F/ ~! Hfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;( t0 @5 y8 t; T0 i$ @
mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">樊迟说：' c+ J, y0 F* j* S
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">这是什么意思呢) ^. G' i7 d! u
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% h" h) {( P3 o1 c5 Bmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">孔子说：7 s4 Y% j0 t1 Z1 @
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' C5 J9 {% B: Qmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">父母活着的时候，要按礼侍奉他们；父母死了，要按礼来埋葬他们，祭祀他们。, Q& d; }4 M* T/ j; N Y& B
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" T( c1 z+ m1 ]mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">问：怎样理解孝就是2 _! _/ i- Z8 M# _3 j1 W7 d10.5pt;font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">“$ L7 ^& b: G ~; `font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;$ L; Q S7 f2 d( d8 g
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">答：孔子教人是很讲针对性的。孟懿子不能遵从他父亲贤而好礼之教，所以孔子针对他讲得; Z, S' D: z& e" C3 j5 A7 [" E. d
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">无违( |0 U) H, q1 p8 [7 ?8 S- y* y
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! r) k3 H: \3 | Fmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，就是不要违背父亲的教诲，这是就具体情况所做的回答。但是就普遍事理而言，孔子讲& x0 Y0 F c. w/ {* Pmso-font-kerning:0pt">“- h; t# X, M, d( ?, g/ h
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7 y) d* B' T; m" `& ymso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，强调要以礼事亲，不可违背于礼，0 U9 X/ m0 {) ]" J8 H9 z& }mso-font-kerning:0pt">“' J, A' M# v4 _8 m. ?9 z
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">生，事之以礼。死，葬之以礼，祭之以礼。, K) h' L# c; ]' n; `% ?mso-font-kerning:0pt">”2 g' R$ m) A9 x7 H( @, A: k2 R0 Rfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;4 s _- `8 x/ n3 ]; a. I1 L! H) h ?
mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">父母在世，如有不合乎礼的言行，子女是不应当顺从的，而要以合乎礼的方法劝谏，这是对父母真正的爱护、尊敬。孝的精神，还应当体现在父母去世以后，要按照礼制去安葬他们、祭祀他们，这才算子女尽孝有始有终。 r% j9 c( l- r3 tmso-font-kerning:0pt">
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">答：本章谈孝的重点是，孝要落实到礼上。孔子讲仁与礼的关系，一方面强调仁是礼的核心，礼应当体现仁的精神；另一方面又强调，礼的规定体现了仁的要求，依礼而行就是仁。据此，是否做到了孝，要以是否依礼而行来衡量。0 z$ b- M, F: a" t1 K2 g# u
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:#006EFE;mso-font-kerning:0pt">小风飕飕地：, {+ H- C# u; y0 Y% X% pmso-font-kerning:0pt">
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">孝最重要的是心敬，心敬外化出来的表现是礼遇！反过来说，虽然礼遇有加未必出于心敬，但若是不加礼遇那就一定是心不敬，也就是不孝啦。所以外在的礼对于孝来说很重要，如若无礼那必然是不孝！对父母尽孝道，是义8 t3 K+ D8 }% X- F# c9 G! r U: xmso-font-kerning:0pt">
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">孝最重要的是心敬，心敬外化出来的表现是礼遇！8 ?6 G1 t% n% f2 z+ G7 G' I& umso-font-kerning:0pt">——7 |$ P5 t9 l" L4 S0 cfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;8 E! ^# v1 y" H9 `% o5 b
mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">赞同。孝的本质，是发自内心的对父母的恭敬和感恩之情。有此心，才会有孝行。3 ?3 R- o0 u/ k0 C3 i5 \* J1 j
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- `/ [& \" K& j, \7 d7 Z, q! QTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">贾老，昨天晚生正好读到战国时期儒家关于礼、丧、祭的论述) a7 i+ }. y, G( t! @1 x
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">对父母的孝道，是义。如何尽孝，是礼。如何行礼，就是生而不违，去世行丧礼，祭祀行祭礼。对父母的孝，绝对不能行功利主义，现在社会上很多人在父母有能力的时候，和颜悦色，等到父母年迈无力，不能给自己帮上什么了，就放弃赡养父母，这是一种巧言令色，有所图谋。这三点做到都是不简单的，先说不违，能够做到遵循父母的教导，按照父母意愿行事之人有几？晚生做不到，起码现在说，不孝有三无后为大，父母成天逼婚，依旧违背了。老吾老以及人之老啊) B2 j* r+ d1 d& N" Cmso-font-kerning:0pt">
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">孝，如今还在于与父母交心、沟通，体谅父母的难处，分担父母的责任。现在社会中，生前不依礼事亲，死后大操大办的现象很普遍，成为了陋习，也造成了很大的负担。3 `8 M" _# f+ l% q1 A: }2 @mso-font-kerning:0pt">
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孝经
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) t: j4 N3 t7 b4 G, A* NTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">孝，如今还在于与父母交心、沟通，体谅父母的难处，分担父母的责任。8 k$ W4 O$ S& M1 A4 U
mso-font-kerning:0pt">——$ N8 h% j q, }3 jfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;2 \& ]: Z4 G& M6 I# l3 h! i
mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">对，这是从情感上关心父母，是尽孝的重要内容。生，事之以礼。死，葬之以礼，祭之以礼。% L3 _: i x- J9 bmso-font-kerning:0pt">——% R& @& c" S7 M9 }- }% t
font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
$ o# Y0 m' q- a. W1 W. }# Hmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">对父母的孝道，是义。如何尽孝，是礼。如何行礼，就是生而不违，去世行丧礼，祭祀行祭礼。《孝经》说：, f) p" K4 v+ u7 d* W1 X1 Bmso-font-kerning:0pt">“- F. w) J! V1 Z$ k6 o! `/ ffont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
, n) n0 B$ W4 m; H" g# }1 i# amso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">礼者，敬而已矣。故敬其父，则子悦；敬其兄，则弟悦；敬其君，则臣悦；敬一人，而千万人悦。所敬者寡，而悦者众，此之谓要道也。! V; E& { E1 O' a J' H+ x W! Jmso-font-kerning:0pt">”% J: ~2 [& `3 u, Z
font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;4 B- }$ z/ h! T- g$ v; {
mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">礼的内在依据是孝悌，而外在表现，就是一个- |8 ^! e) t/ ] s, ?, _mso-font-kerning:0pt">“9 @; \, e9 e$ E1 _+ a
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">敬3 B! f+ \" ^' nmso-font-kerning:0pt">”8 }9 W$ v- p% E5 B2 O6 k- dfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
$ ^6 [0 x8 O3 Y7 Omso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">字。所以，如能尊敬他的父亲，那么其儿子就会喜悦；如能尊敬他的兄长，那么其弟弟就会喜悦；如能尊敬他的国君，那么其臣下就会喜悦。尊敬的是一个人，却能使千万人喜悦。所敬者虽然只是少数，而喜悦的人却有千千万万，这就是为什么把推行孝悌之道和礼乐教化称为8 X. O+ b6 R# f7 I. smso-font-kerning:0pt">“( D+ N0 N# D5 ?6 J# R/ U) |; e0 n$ sfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;! v5 K: {) i8 c& Q+ P
mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">要道& u& |# b" w6 F" M
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">的意义所在啊。+ m* H9 H! ^2 W- \2 R }
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5 S1 M4 W( @. C! a. t! z9 g( L+ pTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">嗯，这就是不孝有三的第一种。事谓阿意曲从，陷亲不义，一不孝也。我们通常将的孝顺的. q, o) z. g; ^% c$ d7 }0 D
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">其实就是不违的意思; g" C; n0 G# W
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