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Tahoma;color:#006EFE;mso-font-kerning:0pt">今日圣诞，老猫先祝大家圣诞快乐，虽然是洋人的节日：）下午贾陆英老师继续在老秘网3 K% S/ J: @# Y) p* f1 }7 ?* C1 `mso-font-kerning:0pt">QQ" W! b0 G; @ U% S# V
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:#006EFE;mso-font-kerning:0pt">群“重温经典读书会”49231471辅导我们学习《论语》。贾陆英老师一直记挂着我们这群“大学生”，原本这节课是安排在周三下午的，但贾老师届时另有要事，所以今日上午便特地在群里发出预告，提前到今日下午开课。有此良师，夫复何求？闲话少叙，立即把上课实录整理奉上。, u* f" R/ r, `; Z3 Z& t' Vmso-font-kerning:0pt">
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4 R; [3 f+ Q/ w- E) \mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">今天下午，我们学习讨论《论语》为政篇第! W. [$ n" Q% H( s% P( [
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0 y+ g1 \3 X+ c2 Omso-font-kerning:0pt">孟懿子问孝，子曰：3 ^/ u3 ^. l. Q1 E4 Z" dmso-font-kerning:0pt">“# j1 \5 ]( m' B2 J( E- K4 U. ^mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;6 `6 j/ P: @& \1 |, W4 ~
mso-font-kerning:0pt">无违。2 s1 D3 n1 T& l6 V; B$ |
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">樊迟御，子告之曰：) ? m4 b- w% m( A1 F: `mso-font-kerning:0pt">“! K( y- r, y, ^3 h* |+ {
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q* H. o2 a( a8 x9 vmso-font-kerning:0pt">孟孙问孝于我，我对曰无违。* p. r4 |/ Y5 L. p1 R( D7 m. Q
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% W6 w( c8 D- O8 ]) emso-font-kerning:0pt">何谓也？4 `5 I8 |" u3 o- W
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3 W- h/ F& B2 P m5 ^* d fmso-font-kerning:0pt">生，事之以礼；死，葬之以礼，祭之以礼。. c% c( g1 c: {
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">孟懿子：鲁国大夫，三家之一，姓仲孙，名何忌，懿是谥号。他的父亲孟僖子临死时要他向孔子学礼。无违：不要违背礼。樊迟：孔子的学生，名须，字子迟，比孔子小四十六岁。御：驾驶马车。孟孙：指孟懿子。3 Q: N# m/ p3 z. F5 m1 G
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">孟懿子请教孔子什么是孝，孔子说：) }: P; B" z" s10.5pt;font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">“4 o; r. `1 ~/ R2 r; @0 Lmso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;
% a& n8 S- Z- X5 |, ]5 |4 _mso-font-kerning:0pt">孝就是不要违背礼。! c' S) v4 q% e. f10.5pt;font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">”; U2 t) F3 @8 [; A2 xmso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;
0 l0 T0 d1 Q4 D3 |mso-font-kerning:0pt">一天，樊迟给孔子驾车，孔子告诉他说：% X) A: M0 b F
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( ^: ^- }1 H% e( q( oTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">孟孙问我什么是孝，我回答他说不要违背礼。; M( Y( U- `8 ?/ Cmso-font-kerning:0pt">"% N4 a, s! T3 z5 W9 L* C- D. ]
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* m, u$ T( W" O' V. n* @$ ?# \, Bmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">樊迟说：9 l# \0 a- M' N& \% ^ X
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9 q$ Y7 v1 c# I) K7 M0 Kmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">这是什么意思呢% k5 F& t$ Z, E- h; P' x/ j e6 Dmso-font-kerning:0pt">?" ' y# t N( t" ~/ H! xfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;8 W2 b* D! W( o% h7 N1 _
mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">孔子说：5 H$ l ^% `- r$ U& t- \7 @, cmso-font-kerning:0pt">"+ o5 {( k8 ?% E. f1 D. a, kfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
( e. r0 s* A0 ~3 M+ [+ @+ @: ?$ Wmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">父母活着的时候，要按礼侍奉他们；父母死了，要按礼来埋葬他们，祭祀他们。( |3 {3 V" {( R$ U- I9 u k
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">问：怎样理解孝就是/ L! r7 H o* R8 _3 g9 g. X/ f+ N10.5pt;font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">“* @9 R3 }# Z3 E: K3 v1 c7 |
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">答：孔子教人是很讲针对性的。孟懿子不能遵从他父亲贤而好礼之教，所以孔子针对他讲得/ p: w0 F0 Z( p+ |( u& J. d6 }8 h7 fmso-font-kerning:0pt">“1 \" m% P+ V+ L0 ]font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;+ ]0 Y0 r6 h ~7 _, G& u6 B i2 b
mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">无违. H' a4 c i( Q' p- xmso-font-kerning:0pt">”5 S8 X+ |8 x2 C* ffont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;- }+ u) Q V; E6 V. l7 C- c
mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，就是不要违背父亲的教诲，这是就具体情况所做的回答。但是就普遍事理而言，孔子讲 ?# ^0 O, S+ P: W' p* f/ z2 X- K9 imso-font-kerning:0pt">“; C% y1 w/ A. e0 i: Qfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;/ Z1 A# z9 A B: p6 X1 U! f3 b$ J
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，强调要以礼事亲，不可违背于礼，$ S$ F6 v( W3 Imso-font-kerning:0pt">“, m( v. q0 V/ r1 s8 o$ kfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
9 z0 R0 `( C% V4 S7 R* C* D4 amso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">生，事之以礼。死，葬之以礼，祭之以礼。 W7 p, I: f3 Y( o* D Y
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7 R- M( \5 X8 Xmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">父母在世，如有不合乎礼的言行，子女是不应当顺从的，而要以合乎礼的方法劝谏，这是对父母真正的爱护、尊敬。孝的精神，还应当体现在父母去世以后，要按照礼制去安葬他们、祭祀他们，这才算子女尽孝有始有终。5 p7 O) Y% D _
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">答：本章谈孝的重点是，孝要落实到礼上。孔子讲仁与礼的关系，一方面强调仁是礼的核心，礼应当体现仁的精神；另一方面又强调，礼的规定体现了仁的要求，依礼而行就是仁。据此，是否做到了孝，要以是否依礼而行来衡量。) O7 K. D6 a/ c9 S! j
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- x1 o" U3 U2 MTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">孝最重要的是心敬，心敬外化出来的表现是礼遇！反过来说，虽然礼遇有加未必出于心敬，但若是不加礼遇那就一定是心不敬，也就是不孝啦。所以外在的礼对于孝来说很重要，如若无礼那必然是不孝！对父母尽孝道，是义8 F! Z q6 H' y3 E# c- F1 o8 }+ i
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">孝最重要的是心敬，心敬外化出来的表现是礼遇！! M3 d9 O* S. t) U4 C- @: ?4 G* A
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- ] A6 \1 U5 {* N. b- ^/ y" Amso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">赞同。孝的本质，是发自内心的对父母的恭敬和感恩之情。有此心，才会有孝行。4 D! j% R2 _, J! `* z
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">对父母的孝道，是义。如何尽孝，是礼。如何行礼，就是生而不违，去世行丧礼，祭祀行祭礼。对父母的孝，绝对不能行功利主义，现在社会上很多人在父母有能力的时候，和颜悦色，等到父母年迈无力，不能给自己帮上什么了，就放弃赡养父母，这是一种巧言令色，有所图谋。这三点做到都是不简单的，先说不违，能够做到遵循父母的教导，按照父母意愿行事之人有几？晚生做不到，起码现在说，不孝有三无后为大，父母成天逼婚，依旧违背了。老吾老以及人之老啊- _$ a( o3 n( u
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U+ h) v7 [2 l: TTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">孝，如今还在于与父母交心、沟通，体谅父母的难处，分担父母的责任。现在社会中，生前不依礼事亲，死后大操大办的现象很普遍，成为了陋习，也造成了很大的负担。9 {% I, N. s ?1 p- O, G( T
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孝经
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">孝，如今还在于与父母交心、沟通，体谅父母的难处，分担父母的责任。6 K. n- V$ S7 ?" m; `' A3 rmso-font-kerning:0pt">——. X, T9 P0 e& t6 m, [
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6 O1 T% B4 u+ z4 [' { T2 a* E. p5 m+ umso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">对，这是从情感上关心父母，是尽孝的重要内容。生，事之以礼。死，葬之以礼，祭之以礼。) `* S* M5 Q, zmso-font-kerning:0pt">——$ ^. [. E( D6 x+ R
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">对父母的孝道，是义。如何尽孝，是礼。如何行礼，就是生而不违，去世行丧礼，祭祀行祭礼。《孝经》说：$ O: h7 Y# L T$ Z
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">礼者，敬而已矣。故敬其父，则子悦；敬其兄，则弟悦；敬其君，则臣悦；敬一人，而千万人悦。所敬者寡，而悦者众，此之谓要道也。; v( O4 W( B, c+ j Jmso-font-kerning:0pt">” V2 [% A& ]2 t
font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;( w) u' c% M, _5 @0 r8 ^
mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">礼的内在依据是孝悌，而外在表现，就是一个: E# l# @8 L/ [& g- P. lmso-font-kerning:0pt">“6 N! P1 t) m$ [! y+ Mfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
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' o, v9 ?3 ~, S Fmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">字。所以，如能尊敬他的父亲，那么其儿子就会喜悦；如能尊敬他的兄长，那么其弟弟就会喜悦；如能尊敬他的国君，那么其臣下就会喜悦。尊敬的是一个人，却能使千万人喜悦。所敬者虽然只是少数，而喜悦的人却有千千万万，这就是为什么把推行孝悌之道和礼乐教化称为6 A9 v- A& j0 {+ m9 Q1 C
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( J( N5 a" _+ B/ zmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">要道+ P4 [. i! D8 Wmso-font-kerning:0pt">”5 _1 A v/ N; J. x8 _% K6 }4 bfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;' ^' A6 L/ t4 x* I. c
mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">的意义所在啊。$ ~. V/ g% q& Q2 r
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">嗯，这就是不孝有三的第一种。事谓阿意曲从，陷亲不义，一不孝也。我们通常将的孝顺的5 ~0 Y s9 ?8 F7 Q& j9 tmso-font-kerning:0pt">“) W# @ n2 P# ]! d
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">其实就是不违的意思! _" q7 U9 m" P3 s+ I- I( tmso-font-kerning:0pt">
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